Review and establishment of network for collection of additional necessary data
a. Review of network of hydrological observation stations
b. Review of the network of automatic weather stations and automated rain gauge stations and establishment of additional stations especially in respect of:
(i) Better network for evaporation data, and;
(ii) Rain fall data collection network through automated sensors
c. Collection of necessary additional hydro-meteorological and hydrological data for proper assessment of impact of climate change particularly in Himalayan region, coastal region etc including other improvements required in hydrometric networks to appropriately address the issues related to the climate change. The data should inter-alia include
(i) Coastal and estuarine water, salinity and tidal water levels and the changing discharges in both directions in estuarine areas;
(ii) Hydrological and hydro-meteorological data in low rainfall areas;
(iii) Hydrological and hydro-meteorological data above permanent snowline, glaciated areas, seasonal snow areas in Himalayan region;
(iv) Better network for collection of evaporation and rain gauge data using automated sensors;
(v) Establishment/strengthening of ground water monitoring network through construction of purpose built observation wells, sanctuary wells for coastal aquifer management and water quality monitoring;
(vi) Repeated collection of data about river geometry and morphology for monitoring erosion and carrying capacity;
(vii) Massive tidal hydraulics data collection; and
(viii) Surface and ground water quality data collection.
Under Strategy 1.1
a) Surface Water Monitoring - Hydrological Observations / Stations
- CWC has established a network of hydrological observation stations in all river basins for the purpose of water resource planning and flood forecasting. 878 H.O. stations have been established and are in operation. The expansion of network to 2900 Gauge and Discharge (G&D) sites have been completed for collection of hydro-metrological data. Water quality is monitored at 396 sites. 100 H.O. stations have been upgraded and 800 new H.O. stations have been completed, out of which 236 have been established till 2015.
- There are 176 flood monitoring stations established in the country and are operative (148 stations for water level forecasting and 28 stations for inflow forecasting). CWC has modernized 445 stations with sensor based data collection for online data collection and satellite based communication of data for processing.
- Water level in 91 major dams is being monitored by CWC on daily basis along with storage capacity of these reservoirs.
- The water data monitored as above is being regularly uploaded on India-WRIS with a view to having comprehensive water database in public domain.
b) Ground Water Monitoring - Ground Water Monitoring Stations
STATE-WISE GROUNDWATER MONITORING STATIONS (DUG WELLS & PIEZOMETERS) | |||||||||||
S. No. | State/UT | Population (2011) | Area (km2) | Districts | Tehsil / Mandal/ Taluka | No. of Stations | |||||
Total | OE | C | SC | DW | PZ | Total | |||||
1 | Andhra Pradesh | 845,80,777 | 1,59,918 | 13 | 664 | 41 | 7 | 42 | 755 | 124 | 879 |
2 | Arunachal Pradesh | 13,83,727 | 83,743 | 17 | 149 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 1 | 30 |
3 | Assam | 312,05,576 | 78,438 | 27 | 155 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 398 | 62 | 460 |
4 | Bihar | 1040,99,452 | 94,163 | 38 | 533 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 507 | 37 | 544 |
5 | Chhattisgarh | 255,45,198 | 1,35,191 | 18 | 97 | 1 | 2 | 18 | 759 | 248 | 1007 |
6 | Delhi | 167,87,941 | 1,483 | 9 | 27 | 18 | 2 | 5 | 20 | 100 | 120 |
7 | Goa | 14,58,545 | 3,702 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 96 | 49 | 145 |
8 | Gujarat | 604,39,692 | 1,96,024 | 33 | 226 | 24 | 5 | 13 | 807 | 390 | 1197 |
9 | Haryana | 253,51,462 | 44,212 | 21 | 67 | 71 | 15 | 7 | 472 | 394 | 866 |
10 | Himachal Pradesh | 68,64,602 | 55,673 | 12 | 109 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 106 | 0 | 106 |
11 | Jammu & Kashmir | 125,41,302 | 2,22,236 | 14 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 256 | 32 | 288 |
12 | Jharkhand | 329,88,134 | 79,716 | 24 | 210 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 326 | 18 | 344 |
13 | Karnataka | 610,95,297 | 1,91,791 | 30 | 175 | 63 | 21 | 34 | 900 | 373 | 1273 |
14 | Kerala | 334,06,061 | 38,870 | 14 | 63 | 1 | 2 | 23 | 1252 | 266 | 1518 |
15 | Madhya Pradesh | 726,26,809 | 3,08,352 | 50 | 259 | 24 | 4 | 67 | 1068 | 352 | 1420 |
16 | Maharashtra | 1123,74,333 | 3,07,713 | 35 | 353 | 10 | 2 | 16 | 1414 | 237 | 1651 |
17 | Manipur | 25,70,390 | 22,327 | 9 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 10 | 23 |
18 | Meghalaya | 29,66,889 | 22,429 | 7 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 7 | 64 |
19 | Mizoram | 10,97,206 | 21,087 | 8 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
20 | Nagaland | 19,78,502 | 16,577 | 11 | 93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 5 | 31 |
21 | Odisha | 419,74,218 | 1,55,707 | 30 | 485 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1405 | 125 | 1530 |
22 | Punjab | 277,43,338 | 50,362 | 22 | 72 | 110 | 4 | 2 | 141 | 614 | 755 |
23 | Rajasthan | 685,48,437 | 3,42,239 | 33 | 241 | 172 | 24 | 20 | 734 | 377 | 1111 |
24 | Sikkim | 6,10,577 | 7,096 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
25 | Tamil Nadu | 721,47,030 | 1,30,058 | 32 | 201 | 374 | 48 | 235 | 767 | 584 | 1351 |
26 | Telangana |
| 1,15,150 | 10 | 446 | 42 | 8 | 55 | 345 | 354 | 699 |
27 | Tripura | 36,73,917 | 10,486 | 8 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 12 | 75 |
28 | Uttar Pradesh | 1998,12,341 | 2,40,928 | 70 | 305 | 111 | 68 | 82 | 1011 | 298 | 1309 |
29 | Uttarakhand | 100,86,292 | 53,484 | 13 | 49 | 0 | 2 | 28 | 48 | 134 | 182 |
30 | West Bengal | 912,76,115 | 88,752 | 19 | 341 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 771 | 785 | 1556 |
UT |
|
| |||||||||
1 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 3,80,581 | 8249 |
| 7 |
|
|
| 93 | 0 | 93 |
2 | Chandigarh | 10,55,450 | 114 |
| 1 |
|
|
| 1 | 24 | 25 |
3 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 3,43,709 | 491 |
| 1 |
|
|
| 12 | 0 | 12 |
4 | Daman and Diu | 2,43,247 | 111 |
| 2 |
|
|
| 11 | 5 | 16 |
5 | Lakshadweep | 64,473 | 30 |
| 4 |
|
|
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
6 | Pondicherry | 12,47,953 | 490 |
| 10 |
|
|
| 11 | 7 | 18 |
| Total | 121,05,69,573 | 32,77,893 | 633 | 1262 | 1069 | 217 | 716 | 14674 | 6024 | 20698 |
OE: Over-Exploited, C: Critical, SC: Semi-Critical, DW: Dug Well and PZ: Piezo Meter
CATEGORIZATION OF BLOCKS/ MANDALS/ TALUKAS IN INDIA (2010-2011) | ||||||||||||||
S.No. | State / UT | Units Assessed | Safe | Semi-Critical | Critical | Over-Exploited | Saline | |||||||
Nos. | % | Nos. | % | Nos. | % | Nos. | % | Nos. | % | |||||
1 | Andhra Pradesh | 664 | 536 | 81 | 42 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 41 | 6 | 38 | 6 | ||
2 | Arunachal Pradesh | 11 | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
3 | Assam | 27 | 27 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
4 | Bihar | 533 | 522 | 98 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
5 | Chattisgarh | 146 | 125 | 86 | 18 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
6 | Delhi | 27 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 19 | 2 | 7 | 18 | 67 | 0 | 0 | ||
7 | Goa | 20 | 20 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
8 | Gujarat | 223 | 171 | 77 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 24 | 11 | 10 | 4 | ||
9 | Haryana | 116 | 23 | 20 | 7 | 6 | 15 | 13 | 71 | 61 | 0 | 0 | ||
10 | Himachal Pradesh | 8 | 5 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 25 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 0 | ||
11 | Jammu & Kashmir | 14 | 14 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
12 | Jharkhand | 210 | 199 | 95 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
13 | Karnataka | 270 | 152 | 56 | 34 | 13 | 21 | 8 | 63 | 23 | 0 | 0 | ||
14 | Kerala | 152 | 126 | 83 | 23 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
15 | Madhya Pradesh | 313 | 218 | 70 | 67 | 21 | 4 | 1 | 24 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||
16 | Maharashtra | 353 | 325 | 92 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
17 | Manipur | 8 | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
18 | Meghalaya | 7 | 7 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
19 | Mizoram | 22 | 22 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
20 | Nagaland | 8 | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
21 | Odisha | 314 | 308 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | ||
22 | Punjab | 138 | 22 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 110 | 80 | 0 | 0 | ||
23 | Rajasthan | 243 | 25 | 10 | 20 | 8 | 24 | 10 | 172 | 71 | 2 | 1 | ||
24 | Sikkim | 4 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
25 | Tamil Nadu | 1129 | 437 | 39 | 235 | 21 | 48 | 4 | 374 | 33 | 35 | 3 | ||
26 | Telangana | 446 | 341 | 76 | 55 | 12 | 8 | 2 | 42 | 9 | 0 | 0 | ||
27 | Tripura | 39 | 39 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
28 | Uttar Pradesh | 820 | 559 | 68 | 82 | 10 | 68 | 8 | 111 | 14 | 0 | 0 | ||
29 | Uttaranchal | 18 | 11 | 61 | 5 | 28 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
30 | West Bengal | 271 | 217 | 80 | 53 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Total in States | 6554 | 4484 | 68 | 693 | 11 | 217 | 3 | 1069 | 16 | 91 | 1 | |||
UT | ||||||||||||||
1 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 36 | 36 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
2 | Chandigarh | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
3 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
4 | Daman and Diu | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 0 | 0 | ||
5 | Lakshdweep | 9 | 6 | 67 | 3 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
6 | Pondicherry | 4 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 25 | ||
Total in UTs | 53 | 46 | 87 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | |||
Grand Total | 6607 | 4530 | 69 | 697 | 11 | 217 | 3 | 1071 | 16 | 92 | 1 |